Natural environment

Regarding the natural environment, the unique geological history of the area is characterized by the large altitude differences in a small area, the intense and complex mountainous terrain combined with the geographical location, the climate and the long presence of man, have resulted in an extremely wide variety of vegetation.

At altitudes above 2,000 metres, extreme weather conditions and long-term seasonal grazing over thousands of years have contributed to the absence of trees. A little lower down there are sporadically Bosnian pines, while a little lower down, stinking and Grecian juniper scrublands or rarely tree stands, can be found in rocky slopes. Fir forests, in few locations beech forests and expanded black pine forests characterize mainly the eastern part of Zagori. In the shelters of the Vikos gorge there are also species that prefer milder temperatures. In a few special places there are the very rare and limited in distribution ravine forests and along the rivers oriental plane trees riparian forests. However, the most characteristic and most directly shaped by humans ecosystems are the oak forests and tevergreen prickly or kermes oak scrublands, rarely in tree form, which grow in the zone where most of the settlements are built.

The century-old trees found in the small country churches and sacred forests of Zagori are among the oldest in the region, sometimes reaching 400 years of age. Age-old trees and forests have a new value today, as their longevity gives them great historical, aesthetic and recreational value.

Moreover, they are witnesses to climate change, repositories of genetic diversity and survival in extreme environmental conditions and “biodiversity arks” because as they age their trunks provide colonization conditions for many organisms such as lichens, fungi, wood-eating insects, bats, birds and small mammals.

North Pindos National Park

It is also worth noting that approximately ninety-three percent (93%) of the Municipality of Zagori is located within the North Pindos National Park, which was established under Law 1650/1986 “For the protection of the environment”.

Geopark of Vikos-Aoos

Additionally, a large part of the Cultural Landscape of Zagori coincides with the wider Geopark of Vikos-Aoos, which since 2015 has been included in the UNESCO Global Geoparks Network (UNESCO Global Geoparks).

The inscription of a property on the UNESCO World Heritage List presupposes that its Outstanding Universal Value is recognized, i.e., its uniqueness and value not only on a national but also on a global level. These qualities make the inscribed property a World Heritage Site, while at the same time two basic elements must be ensured over time: its integrity and authenticity.

Close ties between rural heritage and a rich natural environment
More about the Living heritage